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The Bhagavad Gita, chapter by chapter
I learnt the Bhagavad Gita sixty years ago. Here it is, summarised chapter by chapter.
- Arjuna Vishada Yoga: on the Kurukshetra battlefield, Arjuna is overcome with grief at the prospect of fighting his own kin, and lays down his weapons in despair.
- Sankhya Yoga: Krishna teaches the immortality of the soul and nishkama karma — performing one’s duty with steady detachment, without craving its fruits.
- Karma Yoga: the path of selfless action. True freedom comes from doing one’s dharma diligently, without attachment.
- Jnana Karma Sanyasa Yoga: every action becomes sacred when it is offered selflessly, guided by transcendental wisdom.
- Karma Sanyasa Yoga: true renunciation is not abandoning duty, but performing every action selflessly, without ego.
- Dhyana Yoga: through disciplined meditation and mastery of the mind, one transcends worldly sorrow and realises the Self.
- Jnana Vijnana Yoga: Krishna reveals Himself as the ultimate truth behind all existence, both material and spiritual.
- Akshara Brahma Yoga: the thought that occupies one’s mind at death determines the soul’s next path. Remembering the Divine leads to Him.
- Raja Vidya Yoga: the entire universe rests within God. Through loving devotion, anyone can attain liberation and grace.
- Vibhuti Yoga: Krishna is the supreme source of all existence, the splendour manifest in everything glorious.
- Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga: Krishna reveals His cosmic form, showing that He is the source, maintainer and destroyer of all worlds.
- Bhakti Yoga: the path of loving devotion is the most direct and accessible way to reach the Divine.
- Kshetra Kshetrajna Yoga: Krishna explains the difference between the perishable material field and the eternal, conscious knower within it.
- Gunatraya Vibhaga Yoga: the three gunas — sattva (goodness), rajas (passion) and tamas (ignorance) — bind the soul. Liberation comes from transcending them.
- Purushottama Yoga: the material world is like an inverted tree of illusion. Cut it with detachment to realise your divine origin, and surrender to Krishna.
- Daivasura Sampad Yoga: divine qualities like selflessness and charity lead upward, while pride, anger and greed bind the soul to suffering.
- Shraddhatraya Vibhaga Yoga: a person’s faith, food, worship and actions reflect their inner nature, as shaped by the three gunas.
- Moksha Sanyasa Yoga: ultimate liberation comes from performing one’s duty selflessly and surrendering all results to the Divine.